Debian 服务器配置备忘
kecho

记录个人 Debian 服务器的配置过程。

apt

debian | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror

编辑配置文件:

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sudo - root
vi /etc/apt/sources.list

替换为:

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deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

安装常用工具:

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apt update
apt install vim git wget curl

deb 包安装与卸载:

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sudo dpkg -i hello.deb       # 安装
sudo dpkg -l | grep "hello" # 查询已安装包
sudo dpkg -r hello # 卸载

sudo

安装:

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su - root
apt install sudo

配置:

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usermod -aG sudo username #将用户 username 添加到 sudo 组中

或者使用 visudo 命令或者编辑 /etc/sudoers 文件,文中添加 username ALL=(ALL) ALL ,保存文件后注销重新登录。

docker

docker-ce | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror

卸载:

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for pkg in docker.io docker-doc docker-compose podman-docker containerd runc; do apt-get remove $pkg; done

信任公钥并添加仓库:

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install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
echo \
"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/debian \
"$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")" stable" | \
tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

安装:

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sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

编辑配置文件:

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sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

增加代理加速地址:

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{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://docker.1panel.live",
"https://docker.ketches.cn",
"https://hub.iyuu.cn"
]
}

服务启动:

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sudo systemctl restart docker

常用命令:

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sudo vim docker-compose.yml # 编辑容器配置文件
sudo docker compose up -d
sudo docker compose down
sudo docker exec -it [contianer_name] /bin/bash
sudo docker images # 列出所有镜像
sudo docker image remove xxx:xxx # 删除指定镜像
sudo docker container ps # 列出在运行容器

ip 固定

编辑配置文件:

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sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces

增加内容:

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auto enp0s3
iface enp0s3 inet static
address 192.168.1.240/24
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservers 223.5.5.5

服务启动:

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sudo systemctl restart networking.service

常用命令:

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ip address # 查看网络接口
ip route # 查看路由

smb

安装:

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sudo apt update
sudo apt install samba

配置:

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mkdir share # 创建共享文件夹
sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf # 编辑配置文件

末尾增加:

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[SHARE]
comment = My Share Folder
path = /home/username/share
writable = yes
browseable = no
guest ok = no

服务启动:

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sudo systemctl restart smbd.service

crontab

Debian 12 已经默认安装了 cron

安装:

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sudo apt update
sudo apt install cron

常用命令:

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crontab –e     //修改 crontab 文件,如果文件不存在会自动创建
crontab –l //显示 crontab 文件
crontab -r //删除 crontab 文件
crontab -ir //删除 crontab 文件前提醒用户

# 默认使用当前用户,可以使用 -u 指定用户
crontab [-u username] -e

编写服务

创建配置文件:

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sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/frpc.service

添加内容:

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[Unit]
Description=Frpc Service
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/home/username/frpc -c ./frpc.toml
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

服务启动:

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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable frpc.service